Tag Archives: fire

A “Why Did That Boeing 787 Catch on Fire?” FAQ

This FAQ refers to the Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner operated by Ethiopian Airlines, which caught on fire on July 12, 2013, while empty and parked at Heathrow Airport.

A Honeywell RESCU 406 AFN2, not on fire

Why did that Boeing 787 catch on fire?

According to a report from Britain’s Air Accidents Investigations Branch, the most likely culprit is a device known as an emergency location transmitter (ELT).

The AAIB is not certain yet whether the ELT’s batteries themselves ignited, or if a short-circuit in the device caused the batteries to ignite, but the location of  the worst fire damage and highest temperatures corresponds to where the ELT sat in the Dreamliner.

Per the AAIB: “There are no other aircraft systems in this vicinity which, with the aircraft unpowered, contain stored energy capable of initiating a fire in the area of heat damage” — the upper part of the rear fuselage, just to the left.

If it’s a battery problem, why are people saying it’s not “the” battery problem?

Previous “thermal runaway events,” which have produced smoke and fire, were traced back to the lithium-ion batteries, manufactured by Japan’s GS Yuasa, that power the 787’s primary electrical systems.

These are hugely important to the electricity-hungry 787 program because they weigh less than alternative batteries, and it is partly the 787’s savings in total weight that lead to its vaunted fuel efficiency. There’s no point building a carbon-fiber plane if you add the weight back in nickel-cadmium.

They were so important that even though they grounded the whole 787 fleet for three months, Boeing had to keep them. The Lazy B just “modified the batteries to separate the individual cells, built a stainless steel box to contain the batteries and modified the battery charging systems to prevent overcharging.”

Still, doesn’t this latest fire make the 787 seem particularly unsafe?

No, not if the culprit really is the ELT in question. The Honeywell RESCU 406 AFN is installed on about six thousand planes, Airbus as well as Boeing. The ELT’s power is not tied into the plane’s electrical system at all. It uses lithium-manganese batteries which have, until this investigation, never displayed any tendency toward overheating and fire. The AAIB, nonetheless, is urging that this model ELT be disconnected on all planes while its airworthiness is investigated further. That’s not as terrible as it sounds, since ELTs don’t help with anything until a plane has already crashed. Feel better?

How weird, though.

Yes. But the plane was powered down, and ground power was turned off — although, umbilical power cables were left attached. So it’s hard to see where else the power necessary for a fire might have come from. If the 787’s electrical system weren’t notably prone to strange behavior, it’d be an open-and-extinguished case.

Boeing’s 787 Program Sending Up Smoke Signals

EVERETT, Wash., Nov. 12, 2012 – Boeing (NYSE: BA) employees last week rolled out the first 787 Dreamliner built at the five-airplane-per-month production rate.
EVERETT, Wash., Nov. 12, 2012 – Boeing (NYSE: BA) employees last week rolled out the first 787 Dreamliner built at the five-airplane-per-month production rate.

It was the best of times–Boeing’s commercial aircraft order backlog stood at 4,373 at the end of 2012; it was the worst of times–Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner, with a backlog of nearly 800 jet orders, finished the year with a net loss of sales due to cancellations.

The 787 Dreamliner program was supposed to, year after delayed year, lift Boeing stock prices to new heights.

But with a Japan Airlines 787 smoldering at a gate in Boston today, Boeing stock (BA) has dipped to $76 from a high near $78. Is it the usual gremlins associated with a new plane’s rollout, or evidence of a development program that’s trying to fix design mistakes and speed up order fulfillment at the same time?

The fire at Logan started in an electrical compartment, deepening concerns about the plane’s electrical system, after United Airlines and Qatar Airways experienced similar problems. (Which also brought drops in stock price.) But the Boston.com story also mentions that:

On Dec. 5, the FAA ordered inspections of all 38 787s in service after it received reports of fuel leaks on two aircraft. Several incorrectly installed engine fuel feed manifold couplings on in-service and in-production 787s were subsequently discovered.

Not all of the 787’s mishaps have been, strictly speaking, Boeing’s fault. The cracks in GE engines were a General Electric problem. The horizontal stabilizer? That was Italian manufacturer Alenia.

But passengers who need to make sure their flight isn’t going to be cancelled due to “teething pains” don’t really care about assigning blame — they’ll just fly something else — and airlines with long-delayed 787s in service are already fuming about their new planes’ reliability. They need the 787 to fly, and fly well, not just to keep passengers happy, but to stay in business.

As the Los Angeles Times reports, the 787’s vaunted fuel efficiency is real: “Since All Nippon began flying the planes in November 2011, it has flown nearly 7 million miles and saved 21 percent more fuel per flight than a different aircraft of similar size.”

In April 2012, Smart Money said, because of the 787 and other reasons, Boeing stocks could gain 35 percent over the next year or two, but so far the litany of 787 issues aircraft-wide have kept investors on the sidelines, waiting for the smoke to clear.

Taylor Bridge Wildfire Burns 27,000 Acres, Still Growing

Taylor Bridge Wildfire (Photo: Kittitas County Emergency Response)

UPDATE: Wednesday, August 15, 2012.

“Smoke from Siberian wildfires continue to create hazy skies over western Washington…,” was the laconic caption from the National Weather Service’s Seattle bureau yesterday, accompanying a MODIS satellite photo. But on the eastern side of the Cascades, a local wildfire had started sometime after 1 p.m., later traced to construction crews working on Taylor Bridge. By 5:45 p.m., it had burned an estimated 2,800 acres, by 10 p.m., more than 10,000, by midnight, 16,000 acres, encompassing 26 square miles.

Michael Hanscom‘s fire map overlay, showing the fire’s spread as of Tuesday morning.

Fueled by high winds, it would burn through 27,000 acres by 5:20 a.m. Tuesday morning, stretching from Cle Elum toward Ellensburg. Kittitas County Emergency Response says more than 60 structures have burned, but no injuries have yet been reported. “450 people were evacuated overnight,” reports the Seattle Times; their photographer Bettina Hansen has been chronicling the scene on Twitter.

Photographer Steve Bisig has posted a number of pictures from the fire last night, and Ellensburg’s Daily Record has an extensive slideshow. More real-time information is available by following the #taylorbridgefire hashtag on Twitter.

Washington’s department of transportation says US 97 is closed from SR 10 to SR 970; anyone trying to get to Wenatchee is advised to use SR 970 rather than US 97. Today’s forecast is for temperatures in the upper 80s to 90 degrees, with continued gusting winds. The fire was estimated to be traveling at 25 mph Tuesday morning, heading southeast of its origin, and uncontained.

CNN reports that, as of Tuesday, 62 wildfires are burning throughout the western U.S. You can see the smoke from quite a few in this satellite photo from August 13.

The Kindle Fire This Time & the Inevitable Crumbling of Bricks

After long refusing to release hard figures on Kindle sales, Amazon confirmed that they have sold at least four with their announcement today that “Kindle unit sales on Black Friday — including the new Kindle Fire tablet — were four times greater than whatever they were on Black Friday a year ago,” as GeekWire puts it.

More at this astonishingly sales-copy-laden press release.

Across the U.S., 226 million shoppers spent a record $52.4 billion on stuff over the weekend, an average of $398.62. The National Retail Federation’s report conflates online and bricks-and-mortar retail sales, an odd imprecision given that they can tell you that “nearly one-quarter (24.4%) of Black Friday shoppers were at the stores by midnight on Black Friday,” that the most popular category was clothing and clothing accessories (51 percent), and the runner-up was electronics (almost 40 percent).

2011 was the first time that the Federation deigned to ask shoppers what they intended to do with their electronic devices:

More than one-quarter (25.7%) of Americans with tablet devices said they did or will purchase items with their devices, and 37.4 percent will or have researched products and compared prices with their tablets. Overall, more than half (57.1%) said they have or will use their tablet devices to shop for gifts this weekend.

Now comes not just Cyber Monday, but Cyber Week, says the Wall Street Journal, noting that online sales are up 30 percent over last year so far this morning.

It’s not precisely news, but within these developments lies a good deal of tension: If the online shopping experience is as good as the in-store, or even exceeds the in-store in certain ways, then shareholders start to wonder what the point is in brick-and-mortar stores so expensive that they don’t edge into the black until the Friday after Thanksgiving.

Here’s an anecdote, with the usual caveats. In the market for a pair of sandals, I browsed styles online over the weekend. Nordstrom had the Cole Haan’s I settled on in black and brown, so I decided to swing by  to try them on, rather than buy-and-try. The store was the expected madhouse, but Nordstrom staff were as unflappable as always, directing me to the Cole Haan sandals on display, and hurrying off to check on sizes.

Regretfully, the sales clerk told me, they had nothing smaller than a 10. I explained I was hoping to try a pair on before I left for vacation to a spot where you can actually wear sandals (if you were wondering why a Seattleite was shopping for sandals with winter coming on). They could easily order me a pair, the clerk told me, but it would take four to six days. I thanked him, and went home and ordered my sandals from Zappos.com. (“Free Shipping Both Ways!“)

Now let’s return to the comforting realm of statistics:

“Despite some analysts’ predictions that the flurry of brick-and-mortar retailers opening their doors early for Black Friday would pull dollars from online retail, we still saw a banner day for e-commerce,” BBC News quotes Comscore’s chairman, Gian Fulgoni, as saying. On Black Friday, 50 million people visited online retail sites.

Ah.

A Fire Lookout’s Tale, from Philip Connors (Review)

If there’s anything we’ve learned from the books on the subject, it’s that the life of the fire spotter is what you make of it. Kerouac, Abbey, Mclean, Snyder–all have taken their crack at a government-sponsored mountain-top hermitage, and come down with different reports.

“Oil the saws, sharpen axes,” wrote Snyder in “Things to Do Around a Lookout”: “Learn the names of all the peaks you see and which is highest–there are hundreds.” Kerouac, as Philip Connors tells you in Fire Season: Field Notes from a Wilderness Lookout, went a little batty, whipsawing violently between wild blue detachment and acid pools of loneliness.

Since Connors is well aware of the rarefied company he’s keeping, he sets your expectations lower:

Gary Snyder practiced calligraphy and meditation. Edward Abbey pitched horseshoes with his pa on the rim of the Grand Canyon. Jack Kerouac studied the Diamond Sutra, wrote an epic letter to his mother. If I were a more dutiful son I’d do the same. Instead I shoot Frisbee golf.

Today’s modern world continually lowers the bar for what’s considered remarkably solitary behavior, so the notion of purposefully spending months out of range of internet and cell phone is, I’m sure, worth a book in itself, even without the soul searching, environmental sermonizing, and fire spotting thrown in.

Philip Connors (Photo: Beowulf-Sheehan)

But after eight seasons in the Gila National Forest, Connors has more than enough story to spare (a late-in-the-book detour to 9/11, when he was a lowly copyeditor at the Wall Street Journal is jarring and is at best tenuously relevant). And he’s wise enough to know that he’s there in time to see history–“Ninety percent of American lookout towers have been decommissioned, and only a few hundred of us remain, mostly in the West and Alaska.”

Fire Season is a lot of things–a history lesson on the Forest Service’s fire fighting, its motivations and methods; a geography lesson that takes in the Southwest’s last redoubts of wilderness; an investigation into what wilderness is; a cranky, visionary memoir from a cultural dropout; a negotiation between the self-for-others and the inward self.

By page 39, you’re embarking into the politics of fire suppression and letting it burn, and the tension that exists today as people, much as they do in flood zones, insist on edging their way into wildfire zones and settling down. The cast of characters–the literary forebears already mentioned, Aldo Leopold, Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, firefighters, drop-in hikers–would obscure the fact that Connors is mostly alone in the middle of nowhere, but for the fact that he celebrates solitary confinement:

For most people, I know, this little room would be a prison cell or catafalque. My movements, admittedly, are limited. I can lie on the cot, sit on the stool, pace five paces before I must turn on my heel and retrace my steps. I can, if I choose, read, type, stretch, or sleep. I can study once again the contours of the mountains, the sensuous shapes of the mesas’ edge, the intricate drainages fingering out of the hills. On windy days in spring I turn my gaze upon the desert, a feast of eye on country if you like your country sparse.

72-mph winds, cold days of clouded sight, lightning strikes, and run-ins with bears do little to shake Connors in his conviction that he’s got a pretty sweet deal going in his aerie. Yet he knows it can’t last–his wife has been more than tolerant of his annual vacations from their relationship–and it’s this bittersweet undercurrent that lend import to little hikes in the area, and drama to the week that he learns he may be called down early.

“I don’t remember when I started thinking of this place,” writes Connors of a ridge he visits, “as a shrine to those I’ve loved and lost, but that is what it has become, a spot where I gather detritus from the living world, reminders of the transitory paths we trace on earth, memento mori.”